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Dictionary
Conjugations
Tense guides
Noun genders
Grammar explanations
Typing explanations:
Conjugation explanations:
Spelling & Orthography
Accent marks in 'vosotros' forms Accents on irregular preterites Accents with attached pronouns Estar stress marks H-insertion in 'Oler' Monosyllabic verb forms Rules of stress Spanish dieresis (ü) Spelling change: -car → -qu- Spelling change: -cer → -z- Spelling change: -cer → -zc- Spelling change: -cir → -z- Spelling change: -cir → -zc- Spelling change: -gar → -gu- Spelling change: -ger → -j- Spelling change: -gir → -j- Spelling change: -guar → -gü- Spelling change: -guir → -g- Spelling change: -quir → -c- Spelling change: -uar → -ú- Spelling change: -uir → -uy- Spelling change: -zar → -c- Spelling change: i → y Stem change: -e- → -i- (present) Stress mark on i Subjunctive accent mark Verbs ending in -iar (stress changes) Verbs ending in -ñer, -ñir, -llir
Verb Forms & Conjugation Patterns
Affirmative vs. negative commands Diphthongization Forming the imperfect and future subjunctive verb forms Forming the present subjunctive verb forms G-verbs Gerund stem changes Irregular 'tú' commands Irregular Future/Conditional stems Irregular Past Participles Preterite: J-stem verbs Reflexive imperative (affirmative) Reflexive imperative (vosotros) Vosotros imperative
Grammar, Usage & Syntax
Ambiguous 'you' Double object pronouns (Le → Se) Gustar-like verbs Ha vs. hay Impersonal 'Haber' (Existential) La gente singular vs. plural Participle Agreement with 'Haber' Participle agreement with Ser/Estar Preterite vs. imperfect Preterite vs. imperfect: Siempre Preterite vs. Present Perfect Reflexive pronouns Ser vs. Estar Subjunctive sequence of tenses Subjunctive vs. indicative Word order in compound tenses
Word usage
Adjectives
Adjectives that change meaning when you move them Adjectives that shorten before a noun 'Hablar claro', 'correr rápido': adjectives that work as adverbs Invariable colors derived from nouns Irregular comparatives: 'mejor', 'peor', 'mayor', and 'menor' Possessives agree with the thing owned Why 'alone' and 'together' change their endings in Spanish
Articles
Body parts and clothing: definite articles over possessives Container and measure words using 'de' Days of the week: using 'el' and 'los' 'El señor García': titles take the article, except when you talk to the person 'Hablo español, pero el español es difícil': articles with languages Omitting 'a' and 'an' with professions and religions Telling the time with 'es la una' and 'son las tres' Why Spanish says 'el Reino Unido' and 'el Danubio'
Fixed prepositions
Filling and supplying: why Spanish says 'llenar de' for 'fill with' How to say 'by card', 'by phone' and 'by email' in Spanish Keeping 'de' before 'que' 'On holiday', 'in mourning': 'estar de' + noun Relationships and interactions with 'con' 'Similar to something': adjectives followed by 'a' Verbs paired with 'en' Verbs that require the preposition 'de' Why Spanish says 'miedo a' and 'amor a' for 'fear of' and 'love of' Why Spanish says 'zumo de naranja' and 'café con leche'
Formality and politeness
Greeting the day in Spanish Navigating the Spanish 'you'
Noun gender
Always 'la jirafa', always 'la víctima': nouns with a fixed gender Identical words with different genders and meanings Nouns like 'mar' and 'sartén' whose gender wavers but meaning stays
Numbers, quantities and negation
Matching hundreds with gender When Spanish quantity words change their endings Why 'poco probable' means 'unlikely', not 'a little likely'
One word, different uses
Adjectives that change meaning with 'ser' and 'estar' 'Conocí', 'supe', 'no pude': verbs that change meaning in the preterite '¿Cuánto mides?' Verbs that replace 'be' for size, duration and price
Prepositions of place and time
Months and dates in Spanish Parts of the day with 'por' and 'de' Prepositions for Spanish motion verbs Saying 'north of' in Spanish with 'al norte de' Spanish position words that need 'de'
Reflexive verbs
'Comerse', 'beberse' and the little 'se' that finishes things off Getting dressed: reflexive verbs for clothing Saying 'each other' in Spanish with 'nos', 'os' and 'se' 'Sit down' or 'be sitting'? Body positions in Spanish The accidental 'se' for unintended events Verbs born with 'se' Verbs that change meaning with a pronoun
Set expressions
Common expressions with 'dar' English 'be', Spanish 'tener' Expressions with 'hacer' 'Ir de compras', 'ir de camping': going out for an activity in Spanish Meals can be verbs: 'desayunar', 'almorzar' and 'cenar' Mistakes and crimes go with 'cometer', not 'hacer' Talking about the weather in Spanish
Singular and plural
Collective nouns take singular verbs Countable in Spanish, uncountable in English 'Once', 'twice', 'sometimes': counting occasions with 'vez' 'Páginas web', 'palabras clave' and other plurals where only the first noun changes Plurals like 'sofás', 'esquíes' and 'clubes' Singular in Spanish, plural in English Spanish nouns always used in the plural Verb-noun compounds that do not change form
Spelling and pronunciation
Days and months stay lowercase in Spanish Feminine nouns starting with a stressed 'a' Plurals of words ending in '-z': 'lápiz' becomes 'lápices' Question words keep their accent, even without question marks 'Tú' or 'tu'? Tiny accents that change the meaning Why 'examen' gains an accent and 'canción' loses one in the plural
Subjunctive and clauses
Why 'quizás' can take the subjunctive but 'a lo mejor' doesn't
Verb + infinitive
Connecting verbs to infinitives with 'a' 'I saw her leave': perception verbs with a bare infinitive Linking adjectives and infinitives with 'de' Saying 'ready to' and 'useful for' with 'para' + infinitive 'Sigue lloviendo' and other verbs followed by a gerund Starting and stopping: using prepositions before infinitives Verbs followed directly by an infinitive Why Spanish says 'la decisión de' where English says 'the decision to'
Verbs with indirect objects
Buying and stealing from someone in Spanish with 'a' and 'le' 'Thank', 'forgive', 'envy': in Spanish the person gets 'le', not 'lo' Verbs like 'gustar': when the person is the object
Word formation
Feminine forms ending in '-esa', '-isa' and '-triz' Forming adverbs with '-mente' Lowercase nationalities and languages Masculine Spanish nouns ending in '-ma' Person nouns ending in '-ista' The diminutive '-ito'/'-ita': more than just small 'Una mesa de madera': how Spanish says what things are made of Why a sewing machine is a 'máquina de coser'
Other
'Sugar-free' and 'homeless': saying '-less' and '-free' with 'sin' + noun Why 'ran out' is 'salió corriendo' in Spanish Why Spanish says 'entre tú y yo' and 'según tú'
Word comparisons