Starting and stopping with 'mit': 'anfangen', 'beginnen', 'aufhören'
In English you simply start work or stop smoking: the activity follows the verb directly, as a noun or an -ing form. German verbs for starting and stopping an activity usually work differently. They take the preposition mit, followed by the dative case: mit der Arbeit anfangen, mit dem Rauchen aufhören, mit dem Unterricht beginnen.
Because English has no preposition here, learners tend to leave mit out and produce sentences like Ich habe Rauchen aufgehört. That sounds clearly wrong to a German speaker. This article shows how the pattern works with anfangen, beginnen and aufhören, and when you can use something else instead.
The pattern is mit + dative + the verb. Since mit always takes the dative, the article changes: die Arbeit becomes mit der Arbeit, das Rauchen becomes mit dem Rauchen, and plurals take den (mit den Hausaufgaben).
Activities are often expressed with a verb turned into a noun. Take the infinitive, give it a capital letter and the article das: rauchen becomes das Rauchen, lernen becomes das Lernen. After mit this becomes mit dem Rauchen or mit dem Lernen.
Anfangen and aufhören are separable, so in a normal main clause the prefix goes to the end. The mit phrase stays in the middle of the sentence.
Rule of thumb: if the English sentence is start/stop + an activity, the German sentence needs mit.
Anfangen is the everyday word for starting. Use it with mit for the activity you begin.
Beginnen means the same thing but sounds a little more formal. It is not separable, so the verb stays together.
Aufhören is the verb for stopping or quitting an activity, and it takes mit in exactly the same way.
The same pattern also applies to weitermachen, which means to carry on: Wir machen morgen mit dem Projekt weiter.
With mit, you start or stop doing something. If you start something new, such as a job, a book or a course, anfangen and beginnen can also take a direct object in the accusative. Compare these two sentences:
When the event itself starts or ends, there is no mit. The event is simply the subject.
Instead of mit + es or das, German uses damit. This is very common with aufhören.
You can also follow these verbs with zu + infinitive. In that case you do not use mit.
The typical mistake is mixing the two patterns or dropping the preposition. Ich höre Rauchen auf and Ich höre mit rauchen auf are both wrong. The correct choices are mit dem Rauchen or auf zu rauchen.
To start or stop an activity expressed as a noun, use anfangen, beginnen or aufhören with mit + dative: mit der Arbeit anfangen, mit dem Rauchen aufhören. To refer back to the activity, use damit. You only drop mit in three cases: when you use zu + infinitive, when you start something new as a direct object (eine neue Arbeit beginnen), or when the event itself begins or ends.







