Smelling, tasting and searching with 'nach' + dative
In English, things smell of or like something, and people look for, ask for or reach for something. German uses one preposition for all of these: nach, always followed by the dative. So bread doesn't make a kitchen smell wie anything, it smells nach frischem Brot, and you don't ask für directions, you ask nach dem Weg.
This trips up English speakers because the two English prepositions, like and for, seem to have obvious German twins (wie and für). With verbs like riechen, schmecken, fragen and suchen, those twins are the wrong choice.
There are two groups of words, and both use nach + dative:
What something smells or tastes like. English says of or like. German says nach.
Asking, looking, calling or grabbing for something. English says for. German says nach.
Because nach always takes the dative, articles and adjective endings change: nach dem Weg, nach der Mutter, nach frischem Brot. With substances and flavors you usually drop the article completely: nach Knoblauch, nach Rauch.
A few other common verbs work the same way, such as aussehen nach (Es sieht nach Regen aus. It looks like rain.), klingen nach (to sound like) and sich sehnen nach (to long for).
Riechen is the neutral verb, duften is for pleasant smells, and stinken is for bad ones. Schmecken describes flavor.
Fragen nach means to ask for or about something. Suchen nach means to look or search for something.
Rufen nach and schreien nach mean to call or scream for someone or something.
Greifen nach means to reach for something, graben nach means to dig for it, and fischen nach means to fish for it, often figuratively. The fixed phrase nach Luft schnappen means to gasp for air.
Nouns from the seeking group keep nach: die Frage nach (the question of), die Suche nach (the search for), die Jagd nach (the hunt for) and die Nachfrage nach (demand for). For example, die Frage nach dem Preis means the question of the price, and die Jagd nach dem perfekten Foto means the hunt for the perfect photo.
Ich frage für dich means I'm asking on your behalf. It doesn't mean asking for something. To ask for something, use nach.
Es riecht wie im Krankenhaus (it smells like in a hospital) is fine. For the smell itself, use nach + noun: Es riecht nach Desinfektionsmittel.
When you are the one smelling, riechen takes a direct object: Ich rieche Rauch. (I can smell smoke.) Only etwas riecht nach means something smells of.
Ich suche meinen Schlüssel and Ruf einen Arzt! are normal. Adding nach suggests searching around or calling out without a clear target.
Ich frage den Kellner nach der Rechnung. (I ask the waiter for the bill.)
When something smells or tastes of something, or when you ask, look, call or reach for something, reach for nach + dative instead of wie or für: Es riecht nach Kaffee, Er fragt nach dem Weg. The matching nouns keep it too: die Suche nach, die Frage nach.







