'Proud of', 'fed up with', 'happy to': Italian adjectives that take 'di'
A large group of Italian adjectives that describe feelings, attitudes and responsibilities are followed by the preposition di. It doesn't matter whether a noun or a verb comes next: orgoglioso di te (proud of you), stufo di aspettare (fed up with waiting), felice di vederti (happy to see you), responsabile del progetto (responsible for the project).
English speakers trip over this because English uses a different preposition almost every time: with, for, about, to. It is tempting to translate them word for word and say soddisfatto con or responsabile per. With these adjectives, Italian simply reaches for di.
The pattern is always adjective + di, followed by one of two things:
di merges with the article, so you get del, della, dello, dei, delle, degli. Examples: soddisfatto del lavoro, geloso di lei.
di stays as it is. Examples: curioso di sapere, stanco di lavorare.
Some English equivalents already use of (proud of, jealous of, envious of), so those are easy. The ones to drill are the mismatches:
- satisfied / happy with = soddisfatto di, contento di
- fed up with = stufo di
- responsible for, grateful for = responsabile di, grato di
- curious about or to = curioso di
- happy / pleased to + verb = felice di, lieto di
Contento, felice, lieto and soddisfatto all take di. Lieto sounds formal and is common in polite greetings.
Orgoglioso, fiero, geloso and invidioso match English, which says "of" here too.
Stufo and stanco both mean fed up when they are followed by di.
Use sicuro di sé for self-confident and curioso di + infinitive for curious to.
Grato (grateful for) and rispettoso (respectful of) also work with di.
Responsabile, incaricato and colpevole take di where English says for, in charge of or guilty of.
Sono stanco means you need rest. Sono stanco di questo lavoro means you are fed up with it.
Before a noun with an article, say del risultato, not di il risultato, and dei figli, not di i figli.
Sono felice di partire means that I am the one leaving. If someone else is leaving, you need che: sono felice che tu parta.
Grato per is just as common as grato di. With people, rispettoso verso gli altri is also used. With the other words, di is the standard choice.
Without di, sicuro can mean safe: una zona sicura.
You will meet the same di with other common adjectives such as capace di (capable of), degno di (worthy of) and privo di (lacking in).
When an Italian adjective describes how you feel about something (happy, satisfied, proud, jealous, fed up, curious, grateful) or what you are answerable for (responsible, in charge, guilty), the next word is almost always introduced by di. Before a noun it merges with the article (del, della, dei), and before an infinitive it stays di. Whatever preposition English uses, whether with, for, about or to, think di first.







