Time adjectives like 'gestrig' and 'nächste' that only work before a noun
Some German adjectives place a thing in time: gestrig (yesterday's), nächste (next), letzte (last), folgend (following), vorherig (previous). They have one strict habit. They only work in front of a noun, and there they always take an adjective ending: die gestrige Sitzung, der nächste Termin, am folgenden Tag. You cannot put them after sein on their own the way you can with groß or kurz.
English speakers trip over this because English happily says the meeting was yesterday or which one is next? In German, the time word after sein has to be a real adverb such as gestern or vorher, not the adjective. So Die Sitzung war gestrig sounds wrong to a German ear.
Most German adjectives can stand in two places: before a noun with an ending (die kurze Sitzung) or after sein with no ending (die Sitzung war kurz). Time adjectives like gestrig only have the first option. When you want to say when something happens after sein, switch to the matching adverb.
- gestrig before a noun, gestern after sein
- vorherig before a noun, vorher as an adverb
- folgend before a noun, danach or später as an adverb
Rule of thumb: if there is no noun right after the word, you probably need the adverb instead.
Nächste and folgend both point forward in time. Nächste is the everyday word. Folgend is a little more formal and very common in am folgenden Tag (the next day, the day after).
Letzte has two meanings: the most recent one (letzte Woche, last week) and the final one in a series (der letzte Zug, the last train). Vorletzte means next to last. All of them carry an ending.
Vorherig and vorhergehend both mean previous. Vorhergehend sounds more formal and often appears in texts: im vorhergehenden Kapitel. Gestrig means of yesterday. Words like heutig (today's), morgig (tomorrow's), damalig (of that time) and ehemalig (former) behave exactly the same way.
The typical mistake is copying English word order: Der Termin ist gestrig or Die Sitzung war vorherig. Use the adverb instead: Der Termin war gestern, Die Sitzung war vorher.
Letzte and nächste can also become nouns, written with a capital letter. They still keep their article and ending, so they never appear bare after sein. For you are next, German says Sie sind als Nächstes dran.
Time adjectives such as gestrig, nächste, letzte, folgend and vorherig always stand before a noun and always take an ending: der gestrige Termin, am folgenden Tag. After sein, use an adverb like gestern or vorher, or a noun form with an article such as der Nächste.







