'Depend on', 'dream about', 'fed up with': why German says 'von'
English uses many different prepositions after verbs and adjectives: you depend on something, dream about it, get fed up with it and say goodbye to someone. German often uses a single word for all of these: von. You say abhängen von, träumen von, genug haben von and sich verabschieden von.
English speakers tend to translate the English preposition word for word. That gives auf for on, über for about and mit for with, and in these cases those choices sound wrong. This article collects the words where German wants von, so you can learn each one together with its preposition.
The pattern is simple: word + von + the thing or person. Von always takes the dative case, so the article after it changes: der and das become dem, die becomes der, and ein becomes einem. Von dem is usually shortened to vom.
When the thing is not named, von combines with da- to form davon: Das hängt davon ab. (That depends.) The rule of thumb: if the English verb is about a source, a topic, a condition or a separation, try von before you reach for auf, über or mit.
Hören on its own means to hear a sound. With von it means to hear about something or to hear from someone. Sprechen von, erzählen von and wissen von mention a topic.
You dream about or of something with träumen von, never über. You live on or off money with leben von, not auf.
These adjectives usually come after sein: begeistert von (excited about), enttäuscht von (disappointed in or with) and genervt von (annoyed by). The phrase genug haben von means to be fed up with. The more colloquial die Nase voll haben von and the rude die Schnauze voll haben von work the same way.
In English you say goodbye to someone, split up with them and divorce them with no preposition at all. German uses von every time: sich verabschieden von, sich trennen von, sich scheiden lassen von.
Unabhängig von is the partner of abhängen von. You convince someone of something with jemanden von etwas überzeugen. At a higher level, wimmeln von means to be teeming with: Es wimmelt von Touristen (It's teeming with tourists).
- The typical mistakes are literal translations such as auf dem Wetter abhängen, über ein Haus träumen or mit dem Regen genug haben. Learn each word together with its von.
- With the speaking verbs sprechen, reden and erzählen, über is also correct. Über suggests talking about a topic in some detail. Von is more casual and often just means mentioning something.
- Hören without von takes a direct object: Ich höre Musik. Add von only when you mean hearing news about something or from someone.
- Some related words that are not listed here work the same way: überzeugt von (convinced of), beeindruckt von (impressed by) and halten von, as in Was hältst du davon? (What do you think of it?).
When English says depend on, dream about, fed up with, say goodbye to or disappointed in, German usually says von. Put the thing that follows in the dative (vom, von der, von einem), use davon when you refer back to something, and don't copy the English preposition.







