'Fácil de entender' and other adjectives with 'de'
In English you say this text is easy to understand, with nothing between the adjective and the verb. Portuguese needs a small linking word: este texto é fácil de entender. The same pattern works with a group of adjectives that describe what something is like to deal with, such as fácil, difícil, impossível, simples and agradável.
English speakers tend to make two mistakes. They either leave out de, because English has nothing there, or they reach for para, because to often translates as para. There is also a second, very similar sentence type that takes no de at all, and it is easy to mix the two up.
The pattern is thing + ser + adjective + de + infinitive. The subject of the sentence is the thing that gets understood, opened, cooked or heard. The infinitive stays in its plain form, just as in English. The adjective agrees with the subject, so it takes plural and feminine endings where needed.
Now compare the impersonal version. Here the sentence starts with é, and the thing comes after the verb as its object. In this version there is no de:
Rule of thumb: if the thing you are talking about comes before the adjective, use de. If the sentence starts with é and the thing follows the verb, leave de out.
The most common members are fácil and difícil, together with simples, complicado, possível and impossível. They describe how much effort something takes.
Adjectives of feeling work the same way: agradável, divertido, chato, desagradável and insuportável. They say what the experience of doing something is like.
Say fácil de entender, not fácil para entender. You can add para + person to say who finds it easy: é fácil de entender para crianças.
The subject is already the thing being acted on, so do not repeat it after the infinitive. Say a caixa é difícil de abrir, not difícil de abri-la.
The adjective follows its subject: o texto é complicado, as regras são complicadas. Words ending in -el become -eis in the plural: fáceis, impossíveis, agradáveis.
Both patterns can appear in one sentence:
With possível, the impersonal version is more common in everyday speech: é possível fazer isso. Keep possível de for when the thing is the subject.
When the thing you are describing is the subject, put de between the adjective and the infinitive: o texto é fácil de entender, a receita é simples de preparar. When the sentence starts with é and the thing comes after the verb, drop de: é fácil entender o texto. Never use para in this slot, and make the adjective agree with its subject.







