Adjectives that take 'a': 'fiel ao', 'nocivo à', 'igual ao'
Many Portuguese adjectives link to their target with the small preposition a: fiel a (faithful to), alérgico a (allergic to), semelhante a (similar to), prejudicial a (harmful to). The English equivalent usually has to, so the meaning is rarely a problem. The trouble comes from two other places.
First, English speakers often reach for para, because para feels like the natural translation of to or for. Second, a almost never stands alone before a noun. It merges with the definite article to give ao, à, aos and às. So you need to say fiel ao dono and nocivo à saúde, not fiel para o dono or nocivo a a saúde.
The pattern is adjective + a + target. When the target has a definite article, the two words fuse:
- a + o = ao (fiel ao marido)
- a + a = à (alérgica à penicilina)
- a + os = aos (obediente aos pais)
- a + as = às (desobediente às regras)
With no article, or with um or uma, nothing contracts: adequado a crianças, semelhante a um gato. Before a pronoun you also keep plain a: fiel a ela, grato a você.
Rule of thumb: if English says adjective + to, try a first, and check whether it has to merge with o or a. The same pattern appears with classic adjectives such as contrário and favorável.
Nocivo and prejudicial both mean harmful to. Alérgico works the same way, as shown above.
Fiel, leal, infiel, obediente, desobediente, dedicado, grato, agradecido, indiferente and hostil all describe how someone stands toward a person, a rule or a cause.
Igual, semelhante, similar, relativo, adequado and apropriado compare one thing with another or match it to something. The geometry words paralelo, perpendicular and ortogonal also belong here.
Adjacente, próximo, junto and anterior locate something next to, near or before something else.
Some of these words have to be translated differently. Igual a is the same as, and anterior a is before or prior to, so there is no to in English to guide you. Adequado a and apropriado a often translate as suitable for.
Some words also accept other prepositions. Próximo de is at least as common as próximo a. Adequado and apropriado often take para. With people, hostil com or hostil para com is frequent, while hostil a suits ideas: hostil a uma proposta. With grato and agradecido, the person takes a and the reason takes por.
The most common mistake is forgetting the contraction. A a saúde is always wrong. Write à saúde, with the grave accent.
When an English adjective is followed by to, and sometimes by for or as, its Portuguese partner usually takes a, not para. Merge it with the article to get ao, à, aos or às: fiel ao dono, prejudicial à saúde, igual aos outros.







