In English, you usually add an S to a noun to make it plural. In Italian, the final vowel of a noun normally changes to show that there is more than one. However, there is a special group of Italian nouns that are invariable. This means their singular and plural forms are exactly the same.
When you see words like città, film, or foto, they could mean one thing or many things. Because the noun itself does not change, you have to look at the words around it. The articles, numbers, and adjectives connected to the noun will always tell you if you are reading about one item or several.
Word list
autofA1carl'auto -> le autoautobusmA1busl'autobus -> gli autobusbarmA1coffee shopil bar -> i barbebèmA1babyil bebè -> i bebèbicifA1bicyclela bici -> le bicibusmA1busil bus -> i buscaffèmA1coffeeil caffè -> i caffècinemamA1cinemail cinema -> i cinemacittàfA1cityla città -> le cittàcomputermA1computeril computer -> i computeretàfA1agel'età -> le etàfilmmA1movieil film -> i filmfotofA1photola foto -> le fotogiovedìmA1Thursdayil giovedì -> i giovedìhotelmA1hotell'hotel -> gli hotellunedìmA1Mondayil lunedì -> i lunedìmartedìmA1Tuesdayil martedì -> i martedìmercoledìmA1Wednesdayil mercoledì -> i mercoledìnazionalitàfA1nationalityla nazionalità -> le nazionalitàremA1kingil re -> i resportmA1sportlo sport -> gli sporttèmA1teail tè -> i tèTVfA1televisionla TV -> le TVuniversitàfA1universityl'università -> le universitàvenerdìmA1Fridayil venerdì -> i venerdìabilitàfA2skilll'abilità -> le abilitàalbummA2albuml'album -> gli albumbandfA2bandla band -> le bandbloc-notesmA2notebookil bloc-notes -> i bloc-notesclownmA2clownil clown -> i clownclubmA2clubil club -> i clubdessertmA2dessertil dessert -> i dessertemailA2emaill'email -> le emailfrigomA2fridgeil frigo -> i frigohamburgermA2hamburgerl'hamburger -> gli hamburgerhobbymA2hobbyl'hobby -> gli hobbymenùmA2menuil menù -> i menùmetàfA2halfla metà -> le metàmetrofA2subwayla metro -> le metromotofA2motorcyclela moto -> le motopasswordfA2passwordla password -> le passwordpullmanmA2busil pullman -> i pullmanradiofA2radiola radio -> le radiorobotmA2robotil robot -> i robotsupermarketmA2supermarketil supermarket -> i supermarkett-shirtmA2T-shirtla t-shirt -> le t-shirttassìmA2taxiil tassì -> i tassìtaximA2taxiil taxi -> i taxitrammA2tramil tram -> i tramTVfA2televisionla TV -> le TVwebcamfA2webcamla webcam -> le webcamaccountmB1accountl'account -> gli accountananasmB1pineapplel'ananas -> gli ananasbonusmB1bonusil bonus -> i bonuscamion dei pompierimB1fire engineil camion dei pompieri -> i camion dei pompiericardiganmB1cardiganil cardigan -> i cardigancasinòmB1casinoil casinò -> i casinòcentmB1centil cent -> i centchatfB1chatla chat -> le chatcheesecakefB1cheesecakela cheesecake -> le cheesecakeciviltàfB1civilizationla civiltà -> le civiltàcouponmB1couponil coupon -> i coupondifficoltàfB1difficultyla difficoltà -> le difficoltàfestivalmB1festivalil festival -> i festivalfilemB1fileil file -> i fileforummB1forumil forum -> i forumgorillamB1gorillail gorilla -> i gorillalaptopmB1laptopil laptop -> i laptoplimefB1limeil lime -> i limeluna parkmB1amusement parkil luna park -> i luna parkmanagermB1manageril manager -> i manageroutfitmB1outfitl'outfit -> gli outfitpandamB1pandail panda -> i pandapick-upmB1pickup truckil pick-up -> i pick-uppossibilitàfB1possibilityla possibilità -> le possibilitàpullovermB1sweateril pullover -> i pulloverpuzzlemB1jigsaw puzzleil puzzle -> i puzzleradiofB1radiola radio -> le radioreceptionfB1front deskla reception -> le receptionreceptionistB1receptionistil/la receptionist -> i/le receptionistresponsabilitàfB1faultla responsabilità -> le responsabilitàscannermB1scannerlo scanner -> gli scannerscimB1skilo sci -> gli sciscimpanzémB1chimpanzeelo scimpanzé -> gli scimpanzéscreenshotmB1screenshotlo screenshot -> gli screenshotseriefB1sequencela serie -> le seriesoap operafB1soap operala soap opera -> le soap operasocietàfB1societyla società -> le societàsoftwaremB1softwareil software -> i softwaresouvenirmB1souveniril souvenir -> i souvenirspotmB1commerciallo spot -> gli spottoilettefB1toiletla toilette -> le toilettevelocitàfB1speedla velocità -> le velocitàvirusmB1virusil virus -> i virusvirusmB1virusil virus -> i viruswatermB1toiletil water -> i wateryogurtmB1yogurtlo yogurt -> gli yogurtanalisifB2analysisl'analisi -> le analisiavocadomB2avocadol'avocado -> gli avocadobancomatmB2cash machineil bancomat -> i bancomatbrokermB2brokeril broker -> i brokerbrowsermB2web browseril browser -> i browserbudgetmB2budgetil budget -> i budgetcargomB2cargo shipil cargo -> i cargocobramB2cobrail cobra -> i cobracrisifB2crisisla crisi -> le crisicrudeltàfB2crueltyla crudeltà -> le crudeltàdisabilitàfB2disabilityla disabilità -> le disabilitàeditor di testomB2text editorl'editor di testo -> gli editor di testofonmB2hair dryeril fon -> i fongilèmB2waistcoatil gilè -> i gilègiletmB2waistcoatil gilet -> i giletinvaliditàfB2disabilityl'invalidità -> le invaliditàkiwimB2kiwiil kiwi -> i kiwikoalamB2koalail koala -> i koalalibertàfB2freedomla libertà -> le libertàlimousinefB2limousinela limousine -> le limousinepancakemB2pancakeil pancake -> i pancakepersonalitàfB2personalityla personalità -> le personalitàpullmanmB2coachil pullman -> i pullmanpumamB2pumail puma -> i pumarealtàfB2realityla realtà -> le realtàservermB2serveril server -> i serverslot machinefB2slot machinela slot machine -> le slot machinespeciefB2speciesla specie -> le specietabloidmB2tabloidil tabloid -> i tabloidtesifB2thesisla tesi -> le tesiyachtmB2yachtlo yacht -> gli yachtassetmC1assetl'asset -> gli assetclimaxmC1climaxil climax -> i climaxcontainermC1containeril container -> i containerdiagnosifC1diagnosisla diagnosi -> le diagnosilillàfC1lilacil lillà -> i lillàmetropolifC1metropolisla metropoli -> le metropoliminiseriefC1miniseriesla miniserie -> le miniseriepapillonmC1bowtieil papillon -> i papillonparentesifC1parenthesisla parentesi -> le parentesiprequelmC1prequelil prequel -> i prequelsequelmC1sequelil sequel -> i sequelskateboardmC1skateboardlo skateboard -> gli skateboardtargetmC1target audienceil target -> i targetUFOC1UFOl'UFO -> gli UFOvolontàfC1willla volontà -> le volontàbidèmC2bidetil bidè -> i bidècocktailmC2cocktailil cocktail -> i cocktailcolibrìmC2hummingbirdil colibrì -> i colibrìcondommC2condomil condom -> i condomgangsterC2gangsteril gangster -> i gangsteripotesifC2hypothesisl'ipotesi -> le ipotesireferendummC2referendumil referendum -> i referendumspecie in pericolofC2endangered speciesla specie in pericolo -> le specie in pericolospecie in via di estinzionefC2endangered speciesla specie in via di estinzione -> le specie in via di estinzionestagemC2internshiplo stage -> gli stagetapis roulantmC2treadmillil tapis roulant -> i tapis roulant
Words with Accents
If an Italian noun ends in a stressed vowel with a written accent mark, it is invariable. Words like città, caffè, and università keep the exact same spelling in the plural. Whether you are talking about one city or five, the word remains città.
This rule also applies to the days of the week that end in an accent mark, such as lunedì. Finally, single-syllable nouns like re belong to this category as well.
Ho visitato due città bellissime.
(I visited two beautiful cities.)
Bevo tre caffè ogni giorno.
(I drink three coffees every day.)
Tutti i lunedì vado in palestra.
(Every Monday I go to the gym.)
Foreign Loanwords
Native Italian nouns almost always end in a vowel. When you encounter a noun ending in a consonant, it is usually a loanword borrowed from another language, primarily English or French. Words like film, bar, sport, computer, and autobus are invariable.
Even though they are fully adopted into everyday Italian vocabulary, they keep their original spelling and never take a standard Italian plural vowel ending. If you want to talk about multiple sports, you simply say gli sport.
Guardiamo due film stasera.
(Let's watch two films tonight.)
In questo ufficio ci sono molti computer nuovi.
(There are many new computers in this office.)
Gli sport invernali sono molto divertenti.
(Winter sports are very fun.)
Abbreviations
Sometimes, long everyday words are shortened for convenience. Because these words are abbreviations, they freeze in their shortened form and do not change for the plural.
For example, la foto is short for la fotografia. Because the original word is feminine, foto stays feminine, and its plural becomes le foto. The same logic applies to l'auto (from l'automobile), la moto (from la motocicletta), la bici (from la bicicletta), and il cinema (from il cinematografo).
Hai visto le mie foto?
(Have you seen my photos?)
Ci sono tante auto in centro oggi.
(There are lots of cars downtown today.)
Le due bici sono nel garage.
(The two bikes are in the garage.)
Feminine Nouns Ending in -i and -ie
Finally, there is a small group of feminine nouns that naturally end in an I or an IE. These words, such as crisi, analisi, and serie, are invariable as well. Just remember to use a plural feminine article, like le, when talking about more than one of them.
Guardo sempre le serie televisive italiane.
(I always watch Italian television series.)
Il paese ha affrontato molte crisi economiche.
(The country has faced many economic crises.)
Summary
Invariable nouns do not change their spelling in the plural. To figure out if one of these nouns is singular or plural, always look at its article, any numbers before it, and the endings of any adjectives describing it.