'Godersi', 'permettersi' and other verbs that do things 'for yourself'
Italian often adds a reflexive pronoun to a verb that already has a normal direct object: mi godo il sole, non mi posso permettere una macchina, si è inventato una scusa. The pronoun means something like "for myself" or "to myself". It shows that the action is done for the subject's own pleasure, benefit or loss. The direct object stays exactly where it is.
English has no such pronoun. We say "I enjoyed the sun", not "I enjoyed myself the sun", so English speakers tend to leave it out. There is a second trap. Because the verb is now reflexive, compound tenses take essere, not avere. Learners often write ho goduto la vacanza when Italians say mi sono goduto la vacanza.
The construction has three parts: a reflexive pronoun (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si), the verb, and an ordinary direct object. With many everyday verbs the pronoun is optional and adds warmth or a sense of personal enjoyment. Mangio una pizza is neutral. Mi mangio una pizza sounds like "I'm treating myself to a pizza". You will hear the same thing with bersi una birra, prendersi un caffè, leggersi un libro, fumarsi una sigaretta and comprarsi qualcosa.
With the verbs below, the pronoun is not optional. It is part of the verb, and the meaning would change or disappear without it. The grammar is the same, though: pronoun, verb, direct object, and essere in the past.
Rule of thumb: if you see the pronoun in the present (mi godo), use essere in the passato prossimo (mi sono goduto).
Godersi means to enjoy something fully: a view, a holiday, a moment. Its opposite in spirit is perdersi, to miss something you would have enjoyed. Here the pronoun marks a loss for yourself, not a benefit.
Permettersi means to afford: literally, to allow something to yourself. Procurarsi means to get hold of something for yourself. Guadagnarsi da vivere means to earn yourself a living.
Meritarsi is to deserve something, and you will hear it all the time as praise. Aggiudicarsi is a more formal way to say "to win" a prize, a match or a contract. It is common in news and sports reports. Words like accaparrarsi, to grab something for yourself, work the same way.
Inventarsi means to make up a story, an excuse or a lie. Plain inventare is closer to inventing a machine.
Dropping the pronoun often changes the meaning. Compare these pairs:
- permettere = to allow; permettersi = to afford
- perdere = to lose; perdersi qualcosa = to miss something
- inventare = to invent; inventarsi = to make up
So ho perso il treno means you missed the train because you were late. Mi sono perso il film means you missed out on something you would have liked.
Watch the past participle. Normally it agrees with the subject: Giulia si è goduta la vacanza. When the object is a pronoun placed before the verb (lo, la, li, le), the participle agrees with that object instead:
Notice that mi becomes me and ti becomes te before lo, la, li, le: non me lo posso permettere, te lo sei meritato. Verbs such as aspettarsi and immaginarsi look similar and also take essere, but their pronoun has no "for yourself" sense.
When Italian puts a reflexive pronoun in front of a verb that already has a direct object, the pronoun means "for myself" or "to myself". With verbs like godersi, permettersi, perdersi and meritarsi, keep the pronoun even though English has none. In compound tenses always switch to essere: mi sono goduto il sole, never ho goduto il sole.







