'Che ore sono?' Telling the time in Italian
To tell the time in Italian you use the verb essere and a feminine plural article: sono le tre, literally something like they are the three. The hidden word is ore (hours), so the article is feminine and the verb is plural. There are three exceptions: l'una (one o'clock), mezzogiorno (noon) and mezzanotte (midnight). Each is a single point in the day, so the verb is singular: è l'una, è mezzogiorno.
English speakers trip over this because English uses one fixed formula, it is, with no article at all. Italian changes the verb and sometimes drops the article, depending on which hour you mean. The words at the heart of this pattern are ora, mezzogiorno, mezzanotte and mezzo.
Think of every hour as le ore with the noun left out. From two o'clock to twelve o'clock, the verb is sono and the article is le:
- sono le due, sono le sette, sono le undici
One o'clock is only one hour, so it is singular: è l'una. Noon and midnight are nouns in their own right. They take è and no article: è mezzogiorno, è mezzanotte.
You can ask the question in two ways. Both are correct and very common: the plural che ore sono? and the singular che ora è?
ora is the feminine noun behind the whole system. It is why the article is le and la, never i or il. The same idea gives you conosci l'ora?, meaning do you know the time?
mezzogiorno and mezzanotte are the article-free exceptions. Say è mezzogiorno, not sono le mezzogiorno.
mezzo gives you half past: add e mezzo to the hour. Because the hidden noun is ora, many speakers make it feminine and say e mezza. Both forms are correct.
Quarters and minutes fit into the same frame: sono le due e un quarto (quarter past two), sono le nove meno dieci (ten to nine). You add minutes with e and subtract them with meno. The word minuti is usually left out.
The article comes back when you say at a time. a joins with it, so you get alle tre and all'una. Noon and midnight still have no article: a mezzogiorno, a mezzanotte.
These are the typical mistakes:
- è le tre: the verb must be plural, sono le tre.
- sono l'una or le una: one o'clock is singular, è l'una.
- è il mezzogiorno: no article, just è mezzogiorno.
You may also hear sono le dodici or sono le ventiquattro, especially with the 24-hour clock. These follow the normal plural rule.
Picture the hidden word ore. Most hours are sono le + number, as in sono le quattro. One o'clock is singular, è l'una. Noon and midnight are singular with no article, è mezzogiorno and è mezzanotte. To say at a time, use alle, all'una, or plain a for mezzogiorno and mezzanotte.







