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Why 'super', 'egal' and 'pleite' never take endings

Most German adjectives change their ending before a noun: ein schöner Abend, eine gute Idee. A small group of very common words refuses to do this. Some of them, like super, klasse and prima, can stand before a noun but stay exactly as they are. Others, like egal, pleite and allein, normally cannot stand before a noun at all. They only come after a verb such as sein.

English speakers trip over this in two ways. Once you have drilled adjective endings, you start adding them everywhere, so ein superer Abend slips out. And because English happily says "a broke student" or "an alone man", it feels natural to put pleite or allein in front of a noun. German usually doesn't allow that.

Word list
aufA1 open Die Tür ist auf (after verb only; before noun: die offene Tür) orangeA1 orange ein orange Kleid (before noun, no ending; or orangefarbenes) rosaA1 pink ein rosa Kleid (before noun, no ending) superA1 great eine super Idee (before noun, no ending) zuA1 closed Der Laden ist zu (after verb only; before noun: der geschlossene Laden) alleinA2 alone Sie wohnt allein (after verb only) egalA2 it doesn't matter Das ist mir egal (after verb only) gratisA2 free Der Eintritt ist gratis (after verb only) klasseA2 great ein klasse Film (before noun, no ending) lilaA2 purple eine lila Blume (before noun, no ending) onlineA2 online Ich bin online (after verb only) primaA2 great ein prima Essen (before noun, no ending) anB1 on Das Licht ist an (after verb only; before noun: das eingeschaltete Licht) ausB1 off Das Licht ist aus (after verb only; before noun: das ausgeschaltete Licht) bereitB1 prepared Ich bin bereit, zu helfen (after verb only) gewilltB1 willing Er ist nicht gewillt, zu zahlen (after verb only) offlineB1 offline Ich bin offline (after verb only) pleiteC1 bankrupt Ich bin pleite (after verb only)
How it works

These words split into two groups, and the groups follow different rules:

Group 1

Words that can go before a noun but never take an ending: super, klasse, prima.

Group 2

Words that normally go after a verb (sein, werden, bleiben) or describe how something is done: egal, pleite, allein, bereit, gewillt, gratis, online, offline.

Both groups share one result: you never see an ending on them. For group 1 the rule of thumb is to put the word before the noun and change nothing. For group 2 you should keep the word after the verb. If you need it before a noun, use a different word or a relative clause.

The words
Before the noun, no ending

Super, klasse and prima all mean "great" and are informal praise. Whatever the gender or case of the noun, they stay unchanged. Only the article shows the grammar.

Das war ein super Abend!
(That was a great evening!)
Wir haben gestern einen klasse Film gesehen.
(We saw a brilliant film yesterday.)
Danke für das prima Essen!
(Thanks for the excellent meal!)

They work after sein too, of course: Das ist super! Spitze behaves the same way in casual speech.

After the verb only

Egal and pleite describe a state and live after sein. Egal usually comes with a dative person: whoever doesn't care.

Das ist mir völlig egal.
(I don't care at all.)
Ich kann nicht mitkommen, ich bin diesen Monat pleite.
(I can't come along, I'm broke this month.)

Allein follows a verb or describes how someone does something.

Meine Oma wohnt allein.
(My grandma lives alone.)

Bereit and gewillt usually take an infinitive with zu. Gewillt is more formal and is often negated.

Ich bin bereit, dir zu helfen.
(I'm ready to help you.)
Er ist nicht gewillt, die Rechnung zu bezahlen.
(He isn't willing to pay the bill.)

Gratis, online and offline also stay after the verb or work like adverbs.

Der Eintritt ist heute gratis.
(Admission is free today.)
Bist du gerade online?
(Are you online right now?)
Im Urlaub war ich eine Woche offline.
(On holiday I was offline for a week.)

Schade, schuld (schuld sein), quitt and futsch belong to this group as well: Das ist schade, Wir sind quitt.

Watch out

The classic mistake is adding an ending out of habit: ein superer Abend or eine prima Idee with an extra -e. Leave the word bare.

For group 2, don't move the word in front of a noun. Use a substitute instead:

  • pleite: say eine bankrotte Firma, or eine Firma, die pleite ist.
  • gratis: say ein kostenloser Kaffee.
  • online, offline: use a compound, as in der Onlinekurs or der Offlinemodus.
  • allein: use a relative clause, as in ein Mann, der allein lebt.
  • bereit: compounds like einsatzbereit can take endings, but plain bereit stays after the verb.
Das ist eine Firma, die pleite ist.
(That is a company that's bankrupt.)

In very casual speech you may hear things like die pleite Firma. This is colloquial, so don't copy it in careful German.

Summary

Never put an ending on these words. Use super, klasse and prima before a noun exactly as they are: ein super Abend. Keep egal, pleite, allein, bereit, gewillt, gratis, online and offline after the verb: Das ist mir egal. When you need one of these meanings before a noun, switch to another word, a compound or a relative clause.