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One singular, two plurals: 'Banken', 'Bänke' and more

Some German nouns look completely harmless in the singular: one form, one gender, one article. Only in the plural does it turn out that they carry two meanings, and each meaning has its own plural. Bank is the classic case: money lives in Banken, while people sit on Bänke. The same happens with Wort (Wörter or Worte) and Strauß (Sträuße or Strauße).

English speakers find this tricky because English plurals rarely depend on meaning. A bank is a bank and a bench is a bench, so nothing warns you. In German the singular gives no hint either. You simply have to know which plural belongs to which meaning.

Word list
BankfA1 bank Banken = financial institutions GesichtnA1 face Gesichter = faces; Gesichte = literary visions LandnA1 country Länder = countries; in fernen Landen = literary MutterfA1 mother Mütter = mothers; Muttern = screw nuts OrtmA1 place Orte = places; geometrische Örter = maths/navigation only WortnA1 word Wörter = single words; Worte = things said LichtnA2 light Lichter = lights; Lichte = old word for candles TuchnA2 towel Tücher = towels, cloths; Tuche = types of fabric AusdruckmB1 phrase Ausdrücke = expressions; Ausdrucke = printouts StraußmB1 bouquet Sträuße = bouquets ZollmB1 inch drei Zoll = inches (no ending); Zölle = customs duties BankfB2 bench Bänke = benches DruckmC1 pressure Drücke = pressures; Drucke = prints StraußmC1 ostrich Strauße = ostriches (no umlaut)
How it works

The singular form and the article stay exactly the same for both meanings: die Bank is feminine whether you mean the bank or the bench. The difference appears only in the plural ending, and often in an umlaut. A useful pattern: in several of these pairs the plural with the umlaut (Bänke, Sträuße, Wörter) is the older, more everyday one, while the other plural belongs to a more specialized meaning.

Rule of thumb: when you learn one of these nouns, learn the plural together with its meaning, never on its own.

Die Banken sind heute geschlossen, aber die Bänke im Park sind voll.
(The banks are closed today, but the benches in the park are full.)
The words

Wort has two plurals that are both about language. Wörter are individual words, the kind you count or look up in a dictionary. Worte are words that someone says or writes as a statement, often with feeling.

Ich lerne jeden Tag zehn neue Wörter.
(I learn ten new words every day.)
Vielen Dank für deine freundlichen Worte.
(Thank you for your kind words.)

Strauß is a bouquet or an ostrich. Bouquets get an umlaut, ostriches do not.

Zum Geburtstag hat sie drei Sträuße bekommen.
(She got three bouquets for her birthday.)
Im Zoo haben wir zwei Strauße gesehen.
(We saw two ostriches at the zoo.)

Ausdruck means an expression or phrase, plural Ausdrücke. The same word also means a printout, and then the plural is Ausdrucke.

Im Kurs lernen wir viele neue Ausdrücke.
(In the course we learn a lot of new expressions.)
Kannst du mir die Ausdrucke vom Drucker holen?
(Can you get me the printouts from the printer?)

Tuch (cloth, towel) normally becomes Tücher. The plural Tuche is used only for types of fabric, mostly in the textile trade.

Die sauberen Tücher liegen im Bad.
(The clean towels are in the bathroom.)
Der Laden verkauft feine Tuche aus Wolle.
(The shop sells fine woolen fabrics.)

Druck in the physical sense (pressure) has the technical plural Drücke. When Druck means a print, such as an old engraving, the plural is Drucke.

Bei hohen Drücken wird das Gas flüssig.
(At high pressures the gas becomes liquid.)
Im Museum hängen alte Drucke.
(Old prints hang in the museum.)
Watch out

Not every second plural is equally common. Land is almost always Länder. The plural Lande survives only in literary or fairy-tale language, in phrases like in fernen Landen. Recognize it, but do not use it for everyday countries.

Im Märchen reist der Prinz in ferne Lande.
(In the fairy tale the prince travels to distant lands.)

The typical mistake is to pick the plural you learned first and use it for both meanings: die Banken im Park sounds like there are financial institutions in the park. You will also meet the pattern in words like Mutter (a nut for a screw: Muttern, not Mütter) and Rat (a council: Räte, while Rat as advice has no normal plural).

Summary

Same singular, same gender, different plural: for words like Bank, Wort, Strauß, Ausdruck, Tuch and Druck, the meaning decides the plural. Always store the plural together with the meaning: Banken for money, Bänke for sitting, Wörter in the dictionary, Worte from the heart.