Adjectives that take a dative person without a preposition
In English, adjectives like similar, grateful or important link to a person with a preposition: similar to my sister, grateful to you, important to me. In German, a group of adjectives such as ähnlich, dankbar, treu, wichtig and peinlich skip the preposition entirely. The person simply appears in the dative case: deiner Schwester ähnlich, dir dankbar, mir wichtig.
English speakers tend to translate the preposition and produce sentences like ähnlich zu meiner Schwester or dankbar zu dir. These sound clearly foreign. Once you know which adjectives belong to this group, the fix is easy: drop the preposition and put the person in the dative.
The dative person usually comes right before the adjective, especially when it is a pronoun: Ich bin dir dankbar. These adjectives fall into two groups.
The subject is a person, and the dative names the other person in the relationship. You are similar to someone, grateful to someone, loyal to someone: Er ist seinem Vater ähnlich.
The subject is usually a thing or a situation, often das or es, and the dative names the person who judges or experiences it: Das ist mir wichtig. (That matters to me.)
The second group needs extra care, because the roles are the reverse of English. In Das ist mir peinlich, the situation is embarrassing and mir is the person who feels it. If you say Ich bin peinlich, you are saying that you are embarrassing to other people.
Use ähnlich, dankbar, treu and untreu, gehorsam and ungehorsam, and böse (angry at someone) with the other person in the dative.
Use wichtig, unwichtig, nützlich and schädlich. Schädlich with a dative sounds rather formal.
Use peinlich, unangenehm, angenehm and lieb (Das ist mir lieb, I'd like that). For not caring, use gleichgültig or gleich.
Use bekannt, unbekannt, neu, klar, unerklärlich and möglich.
Dankbar zu dir and ähnlich zu ihm are the typical learner mistakes. Relationship adjectives always take the plain dative.
With point-of-view adjectives, für plus the accusative is a normal alternative: Das ist wichtig für mich, nützlich für dich, schädlich für die Gesundheit. The dative version often sounds more personal. With ähnlich, treu and dankbar, however, für cannot mark the person. After dankbar, für names the thing you are thankful for.
Er ist bekannt means he is famous, while Das ist mir bekannt means I know about it. In the same way, Er ist gleichgültig means he is an indifferent person, but Das ist mir gleichgültig means I don't care about it.
Mir ist kalt (I'm cold) uses a dative without a subject. That is a separate pattern with its own article.
When an English adjective links to a person with to or for, check whether the German adjective takes a plain dative instead. People are jemandem ähnlich, dankbar or treu, and things are mir wichtig, peinlich or neu. Leave out zu, put the person in the dative before the adjective, and remember that with Das ist mir… the thing is the subject and you are the dative.







