School subjects and the article: 'j'aime la chimie', but 'un cours de chimie'
In English, school subjects usually appear without an article: I love history, maths is hard, she studies chemistry. In French, a subject name used on its own as the subject or object of a verb needs the definite article: j'aime l'histoire, les maths sont difficiles, elle étudie la chimie. English speakers often leave it out and say j'aime histoire, which sounds wrong to a French ear.
This is not really a special rule. French always uses le, la or les when it talks about something in general, as in j'aime le chocolat. School subjects follow that same habit. What is worth learning is the set of fixed phrases where the article disappears again: un cours de chimie, bon en maths, un prof d'histoire. This article covers histoire, biologie, chimie, géographie, mathématiques, physique and more.
When the subject is the thing you like, study, find hard or talk about, it takes the definite article. English says nothing here, so you have to add it. With verbs like aimer, adorer, détester, préférer and étudier, and when the subject is the grammatical subject of the sentence, use le, la, l' or les.
Some phrases describe a kind of thing rather than the subject itself, and they have no article. After de the subject tells you what sort of lesson, teacher or book it is: un cours de géographie, le prof d'économie, un livre de physique. After en, meaning at or in a subject, there is no article either: fort en physique, une bonne note en maths.
When you practise a subject, faire takes the partitive: faire de la chimie, faire des maths, faire du droit.
The classic school timetable: histoire (l'histoire, because the h is silent), géographie, mathématiques (plural, usually shortened to les maths), physique, chimie, biologie, musique and littérature. Maths subtopics behave the same way: la géométrie, l'algèbre. For science as a school subject, French normally uses the plural les sciences.
University fields follow the same pattern: la philosophie, la psychologie, la sociologie, l'économie, la médecine and le droit, which means law as a subject and is masculine. L'informatique, computer science, works the same way too.
The most common mistake is a subject without an article after a verb of liking or studying: say j'aime la biologie, never j'aime biologie. The opposite mistake is adding an article after en or de: say bon en chimie and un cours d'histoire, not bon en la chimie or un cours de l'histoire.
Two university subjects have a special idiom for studying them as a degree. You can say faire médecine with no article at all, and faire du droit or, more informally, faire son droit.
Also remember that histoire and physique have everyday meanings. Une histoire is a story, and le physique, which is masculine, means someone's looks. The school subjects are l'histoire and la physique.
Use the definite article when a school subject is liked, studied or described: j'aime la chimie, les maths sont difficiles. Drop it in the fixed phrases un cours de…, un prof de… and bon en…, and use the partitive with faire: faire de la physique.







