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Kaufen vs. verkaufen

The German words kaufen and verkaufen both relate to commercial transactions but describe opposite actions. While they share the same root, the prefix ver- in verkaufen completely reverses the meaning of kaufen.

Kaufen

A1
The word kaufen means to buy or to purchase something. It describes the action of acquiring goods or services in exchange for money, from the perspective of the buyer.
Ich gehe heute Nachmittag neue Schuhe kaufen.
(I am going to buy new shoes this afternoon.)
Wir haben das Haus letztes Jahr gekauft.
(We bought the house last year.)
Kannst du bitte auf dem Weg nach Hause Milch kaufen?
(Can you please buy milk on the way home?)
Er hat sich ein teures Auto gekauft.
(He bought himself an expensive car.)
Für das Projekt müssen wir noch Software kaufen.
(We still need to buy software for the project.)
Sie möchte ihrem Bruder ein Geschenk kaufen.
(She wants to buy her brother a gift.)

Verkaufen

A2
The word verkaufen means to sell something. It is the opposite of kaufen and describes the action of giving away goods or services in exchange for money, from the perspective of the seller.
Der Händler will seine alten Schuhe verkaufen.
(The merchant wants to sell his old shoes.)
Wir haben unser altes Haus letztes Jahr verkauft.
(We sold our old house last year.)
Der Bauer wird seine Ernte auf dem Markt verkaufen.
(The farmer will sell his harvest at the market.)
Dieses Produkt verkauft sich sehr gut.
(This product sells very well.)
Sie hat ihr altes Fahrrad an einen Freund verkauft.
(She sold her old bicycle to a friend.)
Ich muss mein Auto verkaufen, weil ich umziehe.
(I have to sell my car because I am moving.)

Summary

In short, kaufen means to buy and is the action performed by the customer who acquires an item. In contrast, verkaufen means to sell and is the action performed by the vendor who gives an item away for money. The prefix ver- is the key differentiator that reverses the direction of the transaction.