Sacerdote vs. cura
The Spanish language, like many other languages, has different words for similar concepts. This is the case with the words sacerdote and cura, both of which can be translated as priest. However, they have somewhat different connotations and uses.
Sacerdote
B2A sacerdote is a general term for any religious leader who performs sacred rituals. It is often translated as priest, but can also correspond to figures such as ministers or rabbis in other religions.
El sacerdote del templo realizó el ritual.
(The priest of the temple performed the ritual.)
En algunas religiones, el sacerdote puede casarse.
(In some religions, the priest can marry.)
Cura
B1Cura is more specifically used to refer to a Catholic priest, especially one who is in charge of a parish. It is comparable to the English term parish priest.
El cura de nuestra parroquia es muy amable.
(The parish priest of our parish is very kind.)
El cura realizó la misa del domingo.
(The priest conducted the Sunday mass.)
Summary
In summary, while both sacerdote and cura translate to priest in English, they differ in their use and connotation. Sacerdote refers broadly to a religious leader who performs sacred rituals and can be used in reference to various religions whilst cura specifically refers to a Catholic priest, often one in charge of a parish.