Gravedad vs. gravitación
The Spanish language, like any other, is rich in vocabulary. Variations such as gravedad and gravitación are subtle but important.
Gravedad
B1Gravedad refers to the natural force that causes objects to fall towards the earth. It can also be used metaphorically to denote seriousness or severity of a situation.
La gravedad de la Tierra nos mantiene en el suelo.
(Earth's gravity keeps us on the ground.)
La gravedad del problema nos hizo reconsiderar nuestras decisiones.
(The gravity of the problem made us reconsider our decisions.)
Gravitación
B2Gravitación, on the other hand, is more specifically used in scientific contexts, particularly physics, to discuss gravitation (as a phenomenon or as a field of study). It isn't used in a metaphorical sense.
La ley de gravitación universal fue formulada por Isaac Newton.
(The universal law of gravitation was formulated by Isaac Newton.)
La gravitación es una de las cuatro interacciones fundamentales de la naturaleza.
(Gravitation is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature.)
Summary
Gravedad typically refers to gravity in general or everyday-life context and can metaphoric usage to imply seriousness. Gravitación is more specific and used mostly in scientific context discussing the gravitational phenomenon or principles, without any metaphoric interpretation.