Location prepositions ending in 'de': 'près du', 'à côté des' and more
Many French words for location are not a single preposition. They are small groups of words that end in de: près de (near), à côté de (next to), loin de (far from), en face de (opposite), au-dessus de (above). As soon as you say what something is near, next to or opposite, the de is required.
English speakers trip over this in two ways. First, English says next to the park with no extra word, so the de is easy to forget. Second, that de then meets the article that follows and often merges with it. You don't say à côté de le parc but à côté du parc. This contraction is where most mistakes happen.
The construction is always the same: location expression + de + the place. The de then follows the ordinary rules for de + article:
- de + le becomes du: près du parc
- de + les becomes des: près des magasins
- de la and de l' stay as they are: près de la gare, près de l'hôtel
- with no article (city names, chez moi), it's just de: près de Paris
Compare this with the simple one-word prepositions devant (in front of), derrière (behind), sur (on) and sous (under). They take no de at all: devant le parc, sous les chaussures. So the rule of thumb is simple. If the location expression is made of several words, or is a word like près or loin, it almost always needs de before the place.
près (near), à côté (right next to) and loin (far) all become près de, à côté de and loin de before a place.
en face de means opposite or facing, across from something, not simply in front of it (that is devant). au-dessus de is above, le long de is along and au-delà de is beyond.
à l'intérieur (inside), à l'extérieur (outside), en haut (upstairs, at the top) and en bas (downstairs, at the bottom) work on their own, but they take de as soon as you name the place.
The same pattern appears in en dehors de (outside of, apart from).
The de only appears when a place follows. If nothing follows, drop it:
The same goes for C'est à côté (It's nearby) and Je suis en haut (I'm upstairs).
The typical mistake is keeping de le or de les: près de le parc is always wrong, and the correct form is près du parc. Before a pronoun, use the stressed form: à côté de moi, près de toi, loin d'eux. Before a vowel, de shortens to d': loin d'ici.
Multi-word location expressions such as près de, à côté de, loin de, en face de and au-dessus de need de before the place. That de fuses with le into du and with les into des, while de la and de l' stay unchanged. One-word prepositions like devant, derrière, sur and sous never take de.







