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Porção vs. dose

Word practice demo
While both words translate to "portion" or "amount," their usage in dining contexts varies significantly by geography. In Brazil, porção is the standard term for shared appetizers, while dose refers to shots of alcohol or medicine. In Portugal, dose is the ubiquitous term for a standard serving of a main dish in a restaurant.

Porção

A2
In Brazil, porção specifically refers to a plate of finger food (like fries, fried cassava, or strips of meat) usually ordered in bars to be shared among a group of people. In a general context in both countries, it simply means a serving size or a fraction of a whole.
Nós pedimos uma porção de batata frita para acompanhar a cerveja.
(We ordered a portion of french fries to go with the beer.)
O garçom recomendou a porção de frango a passarinho.
(The waiter recommended the portion of fried chicken.)
Esta receita de bolo rende apenas uma porção pequena.
(This cake recipe yields only a small portion.)
Eu já comi a minha porção de vegetais hoje.
(I have already eaten my portion of vegetables today.)

Dose

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In Portugal, dose is the standard culinary term for a full portion of a main dish. Because a dose is often large enough for two people, it is very common to order a meia-dose (half-portion) for a single individual. In Brazil, dose is restricted to shots of distilled alcohol or measurements of medicine.
Por favor, traga uma meia-dose de bacalhau com natas.
(Please bring a half-portion of cod with cream.)
Acho que uma dose inteira é comida demais para nós dois.
(I think a whole portion is too much food for the two of us.)
O preço da dose de vitela inclui as bebidas?
(Does the price of the veal portion include drinks?)
No Brasil, ele pediu uma dose de cachaça no balcão.
(In Brazil, he ordered a shot of cachaça at the counter.)

Summary

Use porção when ordering shared bar snacks in Brazil or talking about generic parts of a whole. Use dose when ordering a main meal in Portugal (and meia-dose for one person). Do not use dose for food in Brazil, as it implies medicine or hard liquor.